­University of Utah

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

ECE 5671/6671                      Electric Generators                               Fall 2022

Syllabus

Instructor:                   Professor Marc Bodson

E-mail:                         bodson@eng.utah.edu

Class:                           MW 1:25PM-2:45PM (IVC)

Class web page:          http://www.ece.utah.edu/~bodson/generators   in addition to Canvas

 

1.   Introduction

Traditionally, electric power has been produced using large synchronous generators operating at constant speed and using fossil fuels or nuclear energy. Recent developments in power electronics have made it possible to generate electric power at varying speeds, extracting energy from sources such as wind or braking energy in electric vehicles. A wider range of electric generators is now in use, including doubly-fed induction generators and permanent magnet AC generators. The course covers the principles of operation of electric generators found in modern applications, without neglecting the traditional generators used in most power plants. Methods used to control the generators are also discussed.

2.   Course objectives

The main objective of the course is to give a fundamental engineering knowledge of various types of electric generators. As part of this objective, students will refine their understanding of three-phase AC power. A secondary but significant goal of the course is to provide students an opportunity to develop skills in modeling and simulation of physical systems using modern software (specifically MATLAB/SIMULINK).

3.   Course contents

Introduction to electric generators. Energy conversion, torque and power. Sources of mechanical energy.

DC generators (DCG). Dynamic model of a DC machine. Parallel operation and load sharing. Self-excited DC generators.

AC power. Single-phase and two-phase power. Three-phase power and power transmission over three wires. Per unit values. Theory of symmetrical components. Three-phase to two-phase transformations. 

Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). Dynamic model of a PMSG.  Steady-state operation at constant speed. Droop curves and nose curves. Parallel operation. DC power generation with rectifier.

Squirrel-cage induction generators (SCIG). Dynamic model of a SCIG. Active and reactive power. Power factor correction. Grid-tied operation. Self-excited induction generators.

Wound-field synchronous generators (WFSG). Applications of WFSGs. Characteristic curves. Operating limits. Active power control and parallel operation. Reactive power control

Bi-directional DC/AC converters. DC/AC converter. DQ transformation, DQ model, and DQ control of a grid-tied inverter. Control of DC bus voltage.

Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG). Wind power generation using DFIGs. Dynamic model of a DFIG. Power and converter properties. Control of doubly-fed induction generators.

Dynamics of wound-field synchronous generators. Electrical dynamics and simplified model. Short-circuit current. Operational inductances and model with damper windings. Mechanical dynamics and swing equation. Critical clearing time and equal area criterion. Voltage regulation and power system stabilizers.

4.   Prerequisites

A basic course on control system design (ECE 3510, ME EN 5200/6200, CH EN 4203, or equivalent) is required, and may be taken concurrently. An introductory class in power engineering (ECE 3600) is recommended, but is not required.

5.  Textbook

A textbook written by the instructor will be offered for download as a pdf file on Canvas, with the condition that students keep the file for their personal use and do not make it available to anyone else.

6.  Software

·         Zoom will be used for lectures and on-line meetings. A pro user license is available for free at https://tlt.utah.edu/forms/zoom-pro-license-request.php. However, a license is not required to join meetings.

·         MATLAB/SIMULINK is needed for homeworks and labs. A free license is available at https://software.utah.edu/mathworks.php/. Alternatively, students may access the computers in the Analog Lab of the ECE Teaching Labs (MEB 2365). Users need to have a Windows account of the CADE Lab, which is a computer lab operated by the College of Engineering. Accounts can be created and managed on the web page:

https://webhandin.eng.utah.edu/cade/.

7.  Office hours

The instructor will be available for questions during lectures as well as through email, Canvas messages and Canvas discussions. Students are also encouraged to ask for on-line meetings as needed.

8.  Lectures

Classes will be held in interactive video conferencing (IVC) mode using Zoom. Lectures will be recorded and made available on Canvas soon after the class. Depending on attendance and other factors, it is also possible that some lectures will be recorded off-line. Students attending the lectures are encouraged to turn their webcam on. Videos of the cameras will not be included in the recordings. Lectures will follow the textbook closely but will also include additional examples.  Questions are always welcome, either during the lectures or afterwards.

9.  Grading

Grades will be based on homeworks, labs, a project, and class participation. The labs will be software-based using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Help will be provided on-line during the scheduled lab times, or by contacting the TA and/or instructor. The requirements for the project are described in a document uploaded on Canvas. The project will count for about 1/4 of the grade. Class participation includes specific assignments, participation in lectures, and discussions posted by students on Canvas.

10.  Regular and on-line sections

Students enrolled in the regular section (001 and 002) are expected to attend the lectures and to perform the labs during the scheduled times (at least most of the time). The on-line section (090) does not require attendance of the lectures or the lab sections. The work assigned to the on-line students is the same as for the regular section and must be submitted at the same due dates (as specified on Canvas). All students are encouraged to arrange on-line meetings, either individually or in groups. On-line meetings other than lectures will not be recorded.

11.  College guidelines

Please check: https://www.coe.utah.edu/semester-guidelines.

12.  University policies

1.       The Americans with Disabilities Act. The University of Utah seeks to provide equal access to its programs, services, and activities for people with disabilities. If you will need accommodations in this class, reasonable prior notice needs to be given to the Center for Disability Services, 162 Olpin Union Building, (801) 581-5020. CDS will work with you and the instructor to make arrangements for accommodations. All written information in this course can be made available in an alternative format with prior notification to the Center for Disability Services.

2.       University Safety Statement. The University of Utah values the safety of all campus community members. To report suspicious activity or to request a courtesy escort, call campus police at 801-585-COPS (801-585-2677). You will receive important emergency alerts and safety messages regarding campus safety via text message. For more information regarding safety and to view available training resources, including helpful videos, visit http://safeu.utah.edu.

3.       Addressing Sexual Misconduct. Title IX makes it clear that violence and harassment based on sex and gender (which includes sexual orientation and gender identity/expression) is a civil rights offense subject to the same kinds of accountability and the same kinds of support applied to offenses against other protected categories such as race, national origin, color, religion, age, status as a person with a disability, veteran’s status or genetic information.  If you or someone you know has been harassed or assaulted, you are encouraged to report it to the Title IX Coordinator in the Office of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action, 135 Park Building, 801-581-8365, or the Office of the Dean of Students, 270 Union Building, 801-581-7066.  For support and confidential consultation, contact the Center for Student Wellness, 426 SSB, 801-581-7776.  To report to the police, contact the Department of Public Safety, 801-585-2677(COPS).

4.       Other important information:

a.       Student code: http://regulations.utah.edu/academics/6-400.php

b.      Accommodation policy (see Section Q): http://regulations.utah.edu/academics/6-100.php